Currently, highfat and lowcarbohydrate diets have had a greater focus on the study of their effects on the physical performance of athletes in various modalities of competition. The objective of this review was to make a survey of studies related to the ketogenic diet and its influence on body composition, strength and endurance in different sports modalities. The databases used were: SciELO, PubMed and LILACS. Studies conducted with humans between 15 and 45 years old, physical activity practitioners and athletes, published in English, Portuguese and Spanish between 2012 and 2017 were included. Articles were selected by title, summaries and then translated and read in full. Exclusion criteria included review articles and publications that correlated the ketogenic diet with pathologies. 80% of the studies showed significant weight loss and% of body fat, 40% obtained resistance gain with VO2 max improvement, 20% achieved a slight increase in strength in various physical tests. In conclusion, the individuals who did the diet obtained a better result related to weight loss, fat mass and physical performance in gain of resistance demonstrating a notable advantage in aerobic sports modalities. This diet can be an important aid to improve the metabolism of athletes and their sports performance. It was also observed that the diet is not recommended for nonpractitioners of physical activity because they do not have a high energy demand, generating accumulations of ketone bodies, causing side effects. Therefore, nutritional monitoring by a qualified nutritionist is essential.
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