Biomaterials are substances or even a set of substances, which can be
classified as synthetic or natural, which have the capacity to be used partially as a
treatment system, replacement of tissues and functional parts of the human body or
even organs (HASHIM, 2020). Considered a ceramic material, belonging to the class
of bioceramics, hydroxyapatite can be produced by synthetic means, where it has high
corrosion resistance and is characterized as a bioactive material, thus being able to be
equivalent to the chemistry of bone matrix, causing its substances to interact and end
up in bonds with the body's natural hydroxyapatite, inducing osseointegration through
its high compatibility with living bone tissue, which generates a regeneration of the host
bone tissue (JANGA, 2018). Titania is present as a layer on the surface of pure
commercial titanium, used as a base in the vast majority of implants, which forms
spontaneously, which makes it difficult for the tissue to interact with the material. It is
necessary that an implant has a structural surface that presents roughness and pores,
which not only serves to guarantee mechanical properties to the bone, but also for
osseointegration to occur. Therefore, studies seek this desired structure for the bone
surface, adding titania in a reactively larger layer, thus resulting in the discovery of
biological properties of the material that can be added to HAp, becoming a biomaterial
(MASAKAZU, 2018). The purpose of the research with hydroxyapatite is to
concatenate methodologies for the synthesis and characterization of powders provided
with natural hydroxyapatite, obtained from scales of Arapaima gigas (Pirarucu), being
relatively altered with titania. Keeping the focus also on the investigation of the
obtained substance, with the intention of creating a bioceramic with probable
technological effects in regional and national industries, adding value to the residues
of the fishing industry and increasing the possibility of the substance's medical use in
the field of bone regeneration.
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