Marvel vs. Jack Kirby: o impacto do modelo work-for-hire no legado dos criadores de quadrinhos e sua análise sob o regime jurídico brasileiro
This study analyzes the historical and legal relationship between comic book creators and major entertainment corporations, focusing on the impact of the *work-for-hire* regime on copyright law. The research investigates how artists, often responsible for creating iconic characters and narratives, w...
| Autor principal: | Santos, Antônio Vitor Alber dos |
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| Grau: | Trabalho de Conclusão de Curso |
| Idioma: | por |
| Publicado em: |
Brasil
2025
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http://riu.ufam.edu.br/handle/prefix/8655 |
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oai:localhost:prefix-86552025-03-10T21:27:44Z Marvel vs. Jack Kirby: o impacto do modelo work-for-hire no legado dos criadores de quadrinhos e sua análise sob o regime jurídico brasileiro Santos, Antônio Vitor Alber dos Silva, Rafael Cândido da https://buscatextual.cnpq.br/buscatextual/visualizacv.do?id=K4433271Y5&tokenCaptchar=03AFcWeA6wPe0UgMT1lO0HtjDhSF2s0jlkRvVFanN0QfUvZAVOlXwdDi9GL2FVr62GVv-tiUGZzpmj_CfzDwdmkyZgjBSegEGs3otAV02tfwuVNxkHFELLPXL6qEziK4IbR0UHE4Wwmbl24tmwyc0Map3MWMmeYa3p5pgzSRE2CzAjEbIKJbrlJAMj86LA2jRH1N8PlpaRhQWFqhh6hK-OXESAOlrWE38EWCdhR8czFR17JiczR-_kdu9yMYLGkssKkBhhScb-JpAHZ7yj4JwXyYURGpZLiRndngLmytJCatPDokJLAlxsizwC8ePp7mT1S12lwnb0NHkEBwclcIKXD2AALz4T_MOHPJIo7HIU7cDvQA8bAwvI9OTDqNPiOTmc38dXH99PVvHAcG0UtMYTqcaGEGEZIxHXhfRxhJ8Twg7X_svPvf47UouIsRmKthaps5spZb2YpZHapkAmqoK5ELKDdI-3jjZgOTcpW6DojhF4J0ovwwFkx-Eh_a-HDBJjuoP84HW9KkfekXtlQLn3nqMUGReI5Tmk4HSMRLDwJGkNnVaxeo1XqkDhHJcr1_ZZIBdx_H-Lj3PjTNFXsJaVg-JVz4fjQdHefX6wOHpaSbbpIauwTSuisDNuZIsywnprThtxUUKeVr8BVBuYo0GphVbKdrMeAI_aYSudao5XgQ5AuoIf25fw3u9CAj7VNmKNdxH7ED5PC6qJyXsDI9XM8o_3TS-q8S5lrmnOaf0SW3cInY8gNrtcuTodmsLxs6lknQWVe9Eul13XFFTAAI7ZcbRhuSOvoGrWhJGprOPpbdlVtdDKwTd0FrjOkflo9KjB0JxCvSMOuQC2PeVJz6ZRj1DBqeCCT_RwxDqU7ySs2_egt6F6N13qo10IdPoHHM2wtzX1tPG0wsagruhTcu0HfB9zFOmdvom-DaVZRW_JxJyR3GGzTYfyK5Q Ramos Filho, Carlos Alberto de Moraes Lins, Rodrigo Oliveira Acioli rafaelcand@gmail.com Jack Kirby Direitos Autorais Work-for-hire Copyright CIENCIAS SOCIAIS APLICADAS: DIREITO . . This study analyzes the historical and legal relationship between comic book creators and major entertainment corporations, focusing on the impact of the *work-for-hire* regime on copyright law. The research investigates how artists, often responsible for creating iconic characters and narratives, were undervalued and deprived of recognition and financial benefits from their work. Using key cases such as the disputes involving Jack Kirby and Marvel Comics, as well as Jerry Siegel and Joe Shuster, the creators of Superman, the study demonstrates the consequences of the work-for-hire model and the application of U.S. copyright laws, particularly the Copyright Act of 1976 and its later amendments. Through a bibliographic review, documentary analysis, and case studies, the research explores the tensions between major publishers and their creators, addressing the contractual conditions during the Golden Age of Comics and the contemporary conflicts related to the massive exploitation of intellectual properties in cinema and other media. Furthermore, initiatives aimed at breaking away from this model, such as the foundation of Image Comics in the 1990s, are highlighted, as they sought to ensure greater creative and economic autonomy for artists. The findings reveal the persistence of abusive practices in the relationship between corporations and creators, even in the face of legislative changes. Moreover, the similarities between the contracted work modalities in the United States and Brazil were analyzed, elucidating the omission of national regulations on this matter. As a result, the judiciary has relied on case law that analogously applies the Industrial Property Law. The study concludes that, although progress has been made, such as posthumous recognition and financial settlements for the heirs of artists like Kirby, there is still an urgent need to review copyright policies to properly value creators' contributions and address historical imbalances. This research aims to contribute to the debate on intellectual property, power dynamics in the cultural industry, and the importance of fairer policies for recognizing artistic work. O presente estudo busca analisar a relação histórica e jurídica entre criadores de histórias em quadrinhos e grandes corporações do entretenimento, com enfoque no impacto do regime de work-for-hire nos direitos autorais destes artistas. O estudo investiga como quadrinistas, frequentemente responsáveis pela criação de personagens e histórias populares, foram desvalorizados e privados do reconhecimento e dos frutos financeiros de suas obras. A pesquisa utiliza como principal caso de análise as disputas envolvendo Jack Kirby e a Marvel Comics para demonstrar as consequências do modelo de trabalho contratado e a aplicação das leis de direitos autorais nos Estados Unidos, especialmente o Copyright Act of 1976. Por meio de revisão bibliográfica, análise documental e estudos de caso, o trabalho explora as tensões entre as grandes editoras e seus criadores, abordando desde as condições contratuais da Era de Ouro dos quadrinhos até os conflitos contemporâneos envolvendo a exploração massiva de propriedades intelectuais no cinema e outras mídias. Além disso, são destacadas as iniciativas que tentaram romper com esse modelo, como a fundação da Image Comics nos anos 1990, que visava garantir maior autonomia criativa e econômica aos artistas. Os resultados demonstram a perpetuação de práticas abusivas na relação entre corporações e criadores, mesmo em um cenário de mudanças legislativas. Ademais, foram analisadas as semelhanças entre a modalidade de trabalho contratado dos Estados Unidos e Brasil, em que foi elucidada a omissão do regimento nacional neste mérito, de modo que o judiciário tem estado à mercê de jurisprudências que utilizam a Lei de Produção Industrial de forma análoga. Conclui-se que, embora avanços tenham ocorrido, como o reconhecimento póstumo e acordos financeiros para os herdeiros de artistas como Kirby, ainda é urgente a revisão das políticas de direitos autorais para valorizar a contribuição dos criadores e corrigir desequilíbrios históricos. Este estudo busca contribuir para o debate sobre propriedade intelectual, as dinâmicas de poder na indústria cultural e a importância de políticas mais justas no reconhecimento do trabalho artístico. 1 Não 2025-02-13T00:36:34Z 2025-02-13T00:36:34Z 2025-01-03 Trabalho de Conclusão de Curso http://riu.ufam.edu.br/handle/prefix/8655 por Acesso Aberto https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/ Brasil FD - Faculdade de Direito Manaus (AM) Direito - Bacharelado - Manaus |
| institution |
Repositório Institucional - Universidade Federal do Amazonas |
| collection |
RI-UFAM |
| language |
por |
| topic |
Jack Kirby Direitos Autorais Work-for-hire Copyright CIENCIAS SOCIAIS APLICADAS: DIREITO . . |
| spellingShingle |
Jack Kirby Direitos Autorais Work-for-hire Copyright CIENCIAS SOCIAIS APLICADAS: DIREITO . . Santos, Antônio Vitor Alber dos Marvel vs. Jack Kirby: o impacto do modelo work-for-hire no legado dos criadores de quadrinhos e sua análise sob o regime jurídico brasileiro |
| topic_facet |
Jack Kirby Direitos Autorais Work-for-hire Copyright CIENCIAS SOCIAIS APLICADAS: DIREITO . . |
| description |
This study analyzes the historical and legal relationship between comic book creators and major entertainment corporations, focusing on the impact of the *work-for-hire* regime on copyright law. The research investigates how artists, often responsible for creating iconic characters and narratives, were undervalued and deprived of recognition and financial benefits from their work. Using key cases such as the disputes involving Jack Kirby and Marvel Comics, as well as Jerry Siegel and Joe Shuster, the creators of Superman, the study demonstrates the consequences of the work-for-hire model and the application of U.S. copyright laws, particularly the Copyright Act of 1976 and its later amendments. Through a bibliographic review, documentary analysis, and case studies, the research explores the tensions between major publishers and their creators, addressing the contractual conditions during the Golden Age of Comics and the contemporary conflicts related to the massive exploitation of intellectual properties in cinema and other media. Furthermore, initiatives aimed at breaking away from this model, such as the foundation of Image Comics in the 1990s, are highlighted, as they sought to ensure greater creative and economic autonomy for artists. The findings reveal the persistence of abusive practices in the relationship between corporations and creators, even in the face of legislative changes. Moreover, the similarities between the contracted work modalities in the United States and Brazil were analyzed, elucidating the omission of national regulations on this matter. As a result, the judiciary has relied on case law that analogously applies the Industrial Property Law. The study concludes that, although progress has been made, such as posthumous recognition and financial settlements for the heirs of artists like Kirby, there is still an urgent need to review copyright policies to properly value creators' contributions and address historical imbalances. This research aims to contribute to the debate on intellectual property, power dynamics in the cultural industry, and the importance of fairer policies for recognizing artistic work. |
| author_additional |
Silva, Rafael Cândido da |
| author_additionalStr |
Silva, Rafael Cândido da |
| format |
Trabalho de Conclusão de Curso |
| author |
Santos, Antônio Vitor Alber dos |
| title |
Marvel vs. Jack Kirby: o impacto do modelo work-for-hire no legado dos criadores de quadrinhos e sua análise sob o regime jurídico brasileiro |
| title_short |
Marvel vs. Jack Kirby: o impacto do modelo work-for-hire no legado dos criadores de quadrinhos e sua análise sob o regime jurídico brasileiro |
| title_full |
Marvel vs. Jack Kirby: o impacto do modelo work-for-hire no legado dos criadores de quadrinhos e sua análise sob o regime jurídico brasileiro |
| title_fullStr |
Marvel vs. Jack Kirby: o impacto do modelo work-for-hire no legado dos criadores de quadrinhos e sua análise sob o regime jurídico brasileiro |
| title_full_unstemmed |
Marvel vs. Jack Kirby: o impacto do modelo work-for-hire no legado dos criadores de quadrinhos e sua análise sob o regime jurídico brasileiro |
| title_sort |
marvel vs. jack kirby: o impacto do modelo work-for-hire no legado dos criadores de quadrinhos e sua análise sob o regime jurídico brasileiro |
| publisher |
Brasil |
| publishDate |
2025 |
| url |
http://riu.ufam.edu.br/handle/prefix/8655 |
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1831970258493112320 |
| score |
11.755432 |