Biologia reprodutiva e polinização de quatro espécies de Orchidaceae em uma campina e campinarana da Amazônia Central
Orchidaceae has a large floral specialization ensuring a broad specialization regarding pollination. Their species are pollinated by a variety of insects, especially of the Order Hymenoptera, and some by hummingbirds. There are few studies In the Brazilian Amazon of the pollination. The aim of this...
| Autor principal: | Krahl, Amauri Herbert |
|---|---|
| Grau: | Dissertação |
| Idioma: | por |
| Publicado em: |
Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazônia - INPA
2020
|
| Assuntos: | |
| Acesso em linha: |
https://repositorio.inpa.gov.br/handle/1/12730 http://lattes.cnpq.br/3284448630859710 |
| Resumo: |
|---|
|
Orchidaceae has a large floral specialization ensuring a broad specialization regarding pollination. Their species are pollinated by a variety of insects, especially of the Order Hymenoptera, and some by hummingbirds. There are few studies In the Brazilian Amazon of the pollination. The aim of this study was to describe the floral biology and pollination mechanism of four species of Orchidaceae occurring in the Reserva Biológica de Campina do Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazônia (INPA). Their flowering phenology was monitored between September 2011 and February 2013. Morphological studies were made of the structures that offer floral resources, such as ultraviolet light reflecting areas and structures producing odors. The floral biology, the mechanism of pollination and flower visitors were recorded during field observations. The efficiency of pollination was calculated from the rate of removal and deposition of pollinia. The reproductive system was tested through controlled pollination (cross-pollination, hand pollination, emasculation, spontaneous self pollination) and open pollination. Encyclia mapuerae has osmophores located between the lateral lobes, and is pollinated by deceit by female Centris varia while a number of other flower visiting insects only remove pollinarium. It is self-compatible and has a fruiting rate of 6.90%. Heterotaxis superflua has osmophores on the petals and sepals, it is pollinated by Trigona willeana while collecting is a substance secreted on the callus of the lip. It is self-compatible and has a natural fruit set of 51.28%. Camaridium ochroleucum has many osmophores on the lip and offers food for its pollinators, Melipona illustris and Trigona fulviventris, in the form of trichome. It is self-incompatible and has a natural fruting rate of 8.16%. Other visitors, Tetragona handlirschii and Apidae 1, were pollen thieves. Ornihidium rigidum is pollinated by Polybia bistriata and its population might be at risk since fruit formation did not occur in the wild due to the fact ants removed almost 100% of the flowers |