Monitoramento do uso e cobertura da terra no interior e entorno do Parque Nacional da Serra do Divisor/AC entre 1988 e 2018
Protected Areas have several purposes, such as preserving biodiversity, scientific research and the sustainable use of their natural resources. The Serra do Divisor National Park (PNSD), created in 1989 with 837 thousand hectares and located in the western Brazilian Amazon, has about 407 families in...
| Autor principal: | Koga, Diogo |
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| Grau: | Dissertação |
| Idioma: | por |
| Publicado em: |
Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazônia - INPA
2020
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| Acesso em linha: |
https://repositorio.inpa.gov.br/handle/1/12941 http://lattes.cnpq.br/3342819421934962 |
| Resumo: |
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Protected Areas have several purposes, such as preserving biodiversity, scientific research and the sustainable use of their natural resources. The Serra do Divisor National Park (PNSD), created in 1989 with 837 thousand hectares and located in the western Brazilian Amazon, has about 407 families in its interior that use natural resources and develop productive activities such as agriculture and livestock. The research presented here maps and analyzes the dynamics of land use and coverage of the PNSD and its environment between 1988 and 2018, in order to assist in the current and future management of this Conservation Unit (CU). Landsat images were used to perform supervised classification with the MaxVer algorithm, considering land use and land cover classes: deforestation, land use mosaic, primary vegetation, secondary vegetation, pasture, body of water, others and unobserved area. The accuracy of the classification was defined by the Kappa index (0.893), based on field truth with use of Remotely Piloted Aircraft images. In 30 years, the pasture was the class that obtained the greatest absolute gain (1,986 ha in the interior and 7,661 ha in the surroundings). The areas of secondary vegetation expanded in the study area, which highlights their importance for forest restoration in an agricultural system of cut and burn. Between 2003 and 2018, conversion of forest to pasture and mosaic of uses, in the PNSD buffer area was much faster than in the first evaluation period (1988 to 2003). In the territory of the Nawa indigenous people, located within the PNSD, during the period analyzed, pasture area grew by 481%, higher than in the rest of the PNSD (126%), but lower than the surroundings of the PNSD (2,110%), which requires differentiated management approaches in each of these regions. It was observed that the reduction of the primary forest was much lower in the interior (0.85% or 7,092 ha) than in the surrounding (9.5% or 17,705 ha) of the PNSD in the 30 years evaluated, resulting in lower conversion of forests to pasture or mosaic of uses within the PNSD. The PNSD still conserves 98.5% of primary forests and 48% of the total that was deforested until 2018 are now covered by secondary vegetation. Future scenarios of land use and land cover within the PNSD indicate a worrying future for the conservation of its biodiversity, but situation is even worse for the buffer zone. The results demonstrate the influence of population stability, difficulty of access, restrictions of use imposed by the environmental legislation in the interior of the CU, but counterbalanced by the usufruct of the PNSD carried out by residents of the surrounding area. It is a challenge to formulate public policies and solutions to contain deforestation and agricultural expansion, given the complexity of the causes and factors related to deforestation. The information generated is essential to the management of the PNSD to control irregularities and to initiate proposals for management agreements with the residents who still reside in the interior. |