This paper develops a critical analysis of working conditions in early childhood education in order to establish possible relationships with illness process that has been reaching teachers in recent decades. The analysis of the working conditions of teachers working in this stage of basic education, with reference to the municipal schools of Belém, the state capital, demanded a theoretical study on the subject and its relation to the changes in the labor world. The option on the research method is based on historical and dialectical materialism, understood as much as a method, as a world vision. From the exploratory study some categories guided the analysis, such as working conditions, based on Oliveira and Assunção (2010) and Hypolito (2010); precariousness, from the understanding of Marin (2010); intensification, based on the analysis Dal Rosso (2008); malaise, according to Martinez (2010) and Codo (2010); sicken according to Assunção (2010); and subjectivity, on the basis of Alves of studies (2008, 2010, 2011) and Mancebo (2010). Gama (2014), Hey and Catani (2010), Carrasco and Petit (2012) and Yanoullas (2013), doing the connection between production/reproduction of capital and the role of women in this context, they collaborate to locate the educational activities and of care in the context of capitalist society. Marx (1978, 1988, 2008), Engels (2012), Antunes (2000, 2001, 2005, 2009, 2011, 2013) and Harvey (2011, 2012) they helped in understanding about the impacts of work precariousness process, especially on the woman working. While of capitalist reproduction space, policies aimed at age children preschool seek to meet a standards they see the in education right conditions for maintaining the system resulting in repercussions on the objective conditions and subjectivity of teachers, as Shiroma indicates (2011), Shiroma and Schneider (2011), Shiroma and Santos (2014) and Mancebo (2010), among others. Revisiting of form analytical-critical data collected by the survey "Work Teaching in Basic Education in Pará" (2010) we found the result that teachers of early childhood education have been experiencing a strong process of casualization and intensification of work, compromising the free time of workers, which are mostly women, who historically has responded by care and home maintenance activities. The analyzes corroborate with analysis of Esteve (1999) indicating that, together with the objective conditions as factors related to the teacher's own action, there contextual factors that act indirectly on labor and lead to impacts negative health of teachers. The data allow us to infer that, against accumulation of tasks that weighs on teachers, the absence from work emerges as a form of resistance to tension generated in own the workplace, generating a malaise that can result in both illness both physical as psychic. The work ends pointing as solution to the problem break with silence, revealing the ideological content that is behind the State's rhetoric seeking, towards the construction of another society because there is no way humanization within capitalism. Capitalism is impossible to humanize themselves.
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