This research had as its object of study the knowledge produced about the main risk
factors that lead to the birth of premature newborns. Each year about 15 million
babies are born premature in the world.More than 1 million of them die within days of
birth. In Brazil there are 279,3 million premature births a year, occupying the 10th
position in absolute numbers of premature births.The study aimed to discourse,
through the review of literature, the main risk factors for preterm birth; Describe the
role of the nurse in health promotion and prevention of these risk factors. The method
used was a literature review of the narrative type. To obtain the data, we used the
bibliographical survey conducted in major bibliographic databases and electronic
journals portals: Bireme, SciELO, VHL, Lilacs, involving articles, monographs,
dissertations and theses that address the major factors that lead to the birth of
premature infants in the period 2001-2013.After the search for material on
prematurity we showed that the production of scientific knowledge in the case of the
main risk factors for prematurity, mainly addressed factors such as socioeconomic
status, maternal education, ethnicity / race, maternal age, preeclampsia, urinary tract
infection , vulvovaginal infection, iron deficiency anemia, twin pregnancy, gestational
diabetes, alcohol abuse and drug abuse, malnutrition and underweight mothers.The
study was of fundamental importance to improve our knowledge about the main risk
factors for prematurity, since the incidence of preterm birth remains high in every
year, mainly in developing countries like Brazil.
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