Concept formation, a process directly related to the construction of knowledge, has been the target of several researches in Brazil and in the world. In this paper, discussions are directed to one of the cognitivist theories that present theoretical models for the conceptualization of reality. It is the Conceptual Fields Theory- CBT, developed by Gérard Vergnaud and supported by the principles of Piaget and Vygotsky, which helps the teacher to understand the process of concept acquisition, as well as the construction of conceptual fields. A literature review research was developed, which gathered information about the current Physics teaching, its problems and challenges, and the methodological perspectives for a meaningful teaching. Finally, an analysis was made of three works in the area of Physics that, based on the Conceptual Fields Theory, implemented didactic activities through problem situations with a view to enhancing teaching and learning.
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