This paper discusses the reality of school libraries, regarding the School Libraries Universalization Law (in Portuguese: Lei de Universalização das Bibliotecas Escolares – Lei Nº 12.244/10), in an educational historical context, which begun in the colonial period, showing its transformations overtime. The general objective is to understand the context in which the Brazilian school library is inserted, through its origin, the parameters that regulate it, its function in the school; and as a specific objective to demonstrate the reality of the school library before referred Law. The used methodology was based on bibliographic and documentary research using historical facts, legislation, statistical data and other bibliographies referring to the theme. The document selection was directed through subjects that deal with the presence or absence of the library in the school, the role of the professional librarian overtime, previous or current legislation, professionalization and political initiatives related to the theme. In the face of all these aspects it has been found that the school library is present in several speeches, but in a few schools.
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